What is I/O Ports & it's types

The word “port” is used often in the computer industry, and has many different meanings depending on what technology is being referred to. In this section, we detail input/output (I/O) ports. I/O ports allow for connections to hardware. This hardware could be internal or external. The ports are associated with copper circuits and memory ranges that allow the communication of data between the CPU, RAM, and the ports themselves.

I/O ports refer to input/output ports. These are connectors on your computer that enable you to connect to digital cameras, video cameras, televisions, external storage devices, printers and scanners.

VGA Port

Connect a PC to a monitor. This is a venerable but now completely standard monitor interface. The original VGA monitors could do no more than 640x480. During the mid 1990's, more advanced monitors were called "SVGA" (for Super). Since all monitors can display more than 640x480 today, the two terms are now interchangeable.
15 Pins

VGA Port Pins Configuration

COM Ports or Serial Ports

Connect a PC to an external modem, serial mouse, etc. DOS calls these ports COM1-COM4. The small version is slightly more popular than the large version. Dating from the PC XT, these are ubiquitous but rarely used.
9 Pins

Serial Port 9 Pins Configuration


Parallel Port

Connect a PC to a printer. DOS calls this port LPT1. Another PC XT holdover, this port is virtually always used to connect to a printer.


25 Pins

Parallel Pins Configuration


Game Port

Connect a PC to a joystick (or two). This port is now mostly replaced by USB.
This DB-15 connector has several (extremely primitive) analog inputs and a small number of digital inputs and outputs. 


15 Pins

Game Pins Configuration

PS/2 Port


Connect a PC to its keyboard and mouse. Though both ports look identical, the mouse (green) and keyboard (purple) ports are not interchangeable.  Usually both ports are color coded or labeled.
6 Pins

Game Port Pins Configuration

Pin
Assignment

Pin
Assignment

1
Keyboard Data

1
Mouse Data

2
(Reserved)

2
(Reserved)

3
Ground

3
Ground

4
Keyboard Power (+5V)

4
Mouse Power (+5V)

5
Keyboard Clock

5
Mouse Clock

6
(Reserved)

6
(Reserved)

AT Keyboard Port
Connect a PC to an older keyboard. If you don't plug in a keyboard here, you get the famous BIOS boot error:
5 Pins

AT Keyboard Port Pins  Configuration

IDE Port
 IDE stands for Integrated Device Electronics. An IDE interface is a way of connecting a device, typically storage, to a computer system. The IDE interface was originally used to integrate hard disk drives to a computer system. Over time a number of other devices have come to use the IDE interface including CD-Rom drives, tape drives, zip drives, etc.
There are two types of IDE port (Primary & Secondary).

IDE Drive Master or IDE Drive 0 or IDE Drive 1
IDE Drive Slave or IDE Drive 1 or IDE Drive 2

40 Pins

IDE Port Pins  Configuration

PinNameDirDescription
1/RESET-->Reset
2GND---Ground
3DD7<->Data 7
4DD8<->Data 8
5DD6<->Data 6
6DD9<->Data 9
7DD5<->Data 5
8DD10<->Data 10
9DD4<->Data 4
10DD11<->Data 11
11DD3<->Data 3
12DD12<->Data 12
13DD2<->Data 2
14DD13<->Data 13
15DD1<->Data 1
16DD14<->Data 14
17DD0<->Data 0
18DD15<->Data 15
19GND---Ground
20KEY-Key (Pin missing)
21DMARQ?DMA Request
22GND---Ground
23/DIOW-->Write Strobe
24GND---Ground
25/DIOR-->Read Strobe
26GND---Ground
27IORDY<--I/O Ready
28SPSYNC:CSEL?Spindle Sync or Cable Select
29/DMACK?DMA Acknowledge
30GND---Ground
31INTRQ<--Interrupt Request
32/IOCS16?IO ChipSelect 16
33DA1-->Address 1
34PDIAG?Passed Diagnostics. Used for 80-pin cable detect.
35DA0-->Address 0
36DA2-->Address 2
37/IDE_CS0-->(1F0-1F7)
38/IDE_CS1-->(3F6-3F7)
39/ACTIVE-->Led driver
40GND---Ground

FDC Port

Connect a PC to a Floppy Disk Drive.
FDC or Floppy

34 Pins

                                                        IDE Port Pins  Configuration

PinNameDirDescription
2/REDWC-->Density Select
4n/c Reserved
6n/c Reserved
8/INDEX<--Index
10/MOTEA-->Motor Enable A
12/DRVSB-->Drive Sel B
14/DRVSA-->Drive Sel A
16/MOTEB-->Motor Enable B
18/DIR-->Direction
20/STEP-->Step
22/WDATE-->Write Data
24/WGATE-->Floppy Write Enable
26/TRK00<--Track 0
28/WPT<--Write Protect
30/RDATA<--Read Data
32/SIDE1-->Head Select
34/DSKCHG<--Disk Change/Read

SATA Port

SATA Stand for Serial Advanced Technology Attachment.
Connect a PC to a Hard Drive & CD-Rom.

7 Pins

                                                        SATA Port Pins  Configuration
PinNameFunction
1GNDGround
2A+Transmit+
3A-Transmit-
4GNDGround
5B-Receive-
6B+Receive+
7GNDGround

DVI Port
DVI was developed by the Digital Display Working Group (DDWG). This interface provides a high-speed connection for visual data that is displayed technology independent. DVI interface primarily focused at providing a connection between computer and display devices. (Monitor, LCD & Projector)

24 Pins

                                                       DVI Port Pins  Configuration
PinSignal
1T.M.D.S DATA 2-
2T.M.D.S DATA 2+
3T.M.D.S DATA 2/4 SHIELD
4T.M.D.S DATA 4-
5T.M.D.S DATA 4+
6DDC CLOCK
7DDC DATA
8ANALOG VERT. SYNC
9T.M.D.S DATA 1-
10T.M.D.S DATA 1+
11T.M.D.S DATA 1/3 SHIELD
12T.M.D.S DATA 3-
13T.M.D.S DATA 3+
14+5V POWER
15GND
16HOT PLUG DETECT
17T.M.D.S DATA 0-
18T.M.D.S DATA 0+
19T.M.D.S DATA 0/5 SHIELD
20T.M.D.S DATA 5-
21T.M.D.S DATA 5+
22T.M.D.S CLOCK SHIELD
23T.M.D.S CLOCK+
24T.M.D.S CLOCK-
C1ANALOG RED
C2ANALOG GREEN
C3ANALOG BLUE
C4ANALOG HORZ SYNC
C5ANALOG GROUND

DDC = Display Data Channel. T.M.D.S = Transition Minimized Differential Signal.

USB Port


USB (Universal Serial Bus) designed to connect peripherals such as mice, keyboards, saneers, digital cameras, printers, hard disk, & networking  etc. components to PC.

                                                                               
                                                       USB Port Pins  Configuration


PinNameCable colorDescription
1VCCRed+5 VDC
2D-WhiteData -
3D+GreenData +
4GNDBlackGround

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